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While the “War to End All Wars” did not officially end until January 1920, for all practical purposes the shooting stopped on November 11, 1918. To be precise, the cease-fire was to begin at exactly 11 a.m. on the 11^th11天^thmonth, according to the terms of the Armistice, which was signed by officials of the crippled German government and the Allies, represented by France’sMarshal Ferdinand Foch.

停战的新闻，11月11日上午5:00之后签署^th, spread like wildfire. Even before 11:00 a.m., when the Armistice was scheduled to go into effect, celebrations broke out in cities all over Europe. Soldiers in thetrenches听说有停火的谣言，很高兴他们很快就会回家。

But, in keeping with the senseless slaughter that had been a hallmark of the war since its beginning in August 1914, the killing would not stop. Unbelievably, just before eleven a.m., American, British and French commanders sent men into battle to gain a few yards of ground that they could have walked peacefully into just an hour later. On the last day of the war, American Expeditionary Forces suffered more than 3,500 casualties. German soldiers, who were also well aware of the Armistice, were stunned that the Allies were sending troops across no-man’s-land just hours or even minutes before the deadline.

对于那些不熟悉停战和当天不必要的伤亡的人，我想推荐Alexander Streetvideo,第一次世界大战的最后一天，BBC TimeWatch系列的一部分。由迈克尔·佩林（Michael Palin）讲述，该视频详细介绍了战争的最后一刻不必要的死亡。它具有约瑟夫·E·佩斯科（Joseph E. Persico）的评论。第11个月，第十一小时，第十一小时：停战日，1918年。第一次世界大战及其暴力高潮, which I also highly recommend. According to the video, at exactly 11 o’clock, a German machine gunner, after firing his last round of ammunition, stood up, took off his helmet, bowed to the enemy, turned around and walked off to the rear. “The fighting was over, the roar of the guns had ceased as if by magic…After 1568 days, the Great War, as they called it then, was finally over.”

在战争的最后时刻，最后一名加拿大，英国和法国士兵杀死了最后一位加拿大，英国和法国士兵的记录相当准确，但最后一位士兵死亡World War Iwas an American:中士亨利·冈瑟（Henry Gunther）. As Gunther was advancing, with bayonet fixed and firing his weapon at a German machine gun nest, the German soldiers were heard yelling in broken English for Gunther to halt. They even fired bullets over his head as warning shots, but to no avail. Finally, to save their own lives, they fired directly at Gunther. He died at 10:59 a.m.

在比利时的一座公墓中，悲伤的巧合，尸体John Parr and George Ellisonlie just 15 feet from each other. They are, respectively, the first and last British soldiers to die in the Great War. Parr was killed at the age of 16 while advancing on German troops along the Belgium-France border on August 21, 1914. Private Ellison was killed just an hour before the Armistice cease-fire in 1918.

在100的衰落日期^th第一次世界大战周年纪念，老师和图书馆员可以帮助学生了解有关停战日的更多信息，Treaty of Versailles以及与大战有关的所有事物，通过搜索研究主题，文章，视频等。

*图书

如果您想知道第一次世界大战的开始是如何开始的，那么您不会比芭芭拉·塔赫曼（Barbara W. Tuchman）做得更好The Guns of August.

For those unfamiliar with the subject, two excellent one-volume histories of the Great War areA World UndoneG. J. Meyer和Martin Gilbert的第一次世界大战.

*琐事

1940年6月，阿道夫·希特勒（Adolf Hitler）强迫法国签署其投降同一辆铁路车in which a humiliated Germany had signed the Armistice ending World War I just 22 years earlier.

Veterans Day, which is celebrated every November 11th in the United States, was originally called Armistice Day. Now, instead of being just the anniversary of the end of World War I, it is a time to pay tribute to all American veterans, living or dead. President Eisenhower changed the name of the holiday from Armistice Day to Veterans Day in 1954.

英国战争诗人的父母威尔弗雷德·欧文（Wilfred Owen）received the telegram informing them of their son’s death as the church bells in Shrewsbury were ringing out in celebration of the Armistice on November 11, 1918.

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