2019年11月7日 yobetvip官网博客, Academic, 社区大学, 图书馆员 学院, 学生/研究员

人工智能,性别和陪伴

女性化的虚拟助手也被设计为作为个人同伴。这对人际关系意味着什么?

By Courtney Suciu

您使用数字个人助理吗?

您是否定期向Siri,Alexa,Google或Cortana询问指示,播放歌曲或订购家庭用品,例如洗衣粉和厕纸?

如果您对这些问题中的任何一个回答“是”,您是否考虑过对您的请求的“性别”的思考?

事实证明,我们在日常生活中最依赖的人工智能形式 - 数字个人助理,或者在许多情况下,客户服务聊天机器人 - 具有我们传统上认为是女性的品质。而且,根据研究人员的说法,在人类互动方面,性别AI的含义会产生后果。

为什么这么多机器人和数字助手女性?

在2018年接受采访经济时期1, American lawyer Reshma Suajani expressed concern about the ubiquity of female AI in our lives:

我认为我们必须真正问自己,为什么每位主要的数字助手都会上市。为什么女人的名字(和声音)是助手的默认值?我们将这些聊天机器人放在世界各地的家中。我们的孩子们了解到,当他们有疑问或需要帮助时,这将是一个不露面的女性声音,可以为她们做这项工作。

Suajani, who is also the founder of Girls Who Code, a non-profit dedicated to encouraging women to work in technology, offered a potential answer to her own question: "I think a big reason why we're seeing our digital assistants taking on female personas is because women aren't in the room where the big ideas and designs are happening.”

因此,Suajani补充道,“我们都是the biases of the people who are in the room.”

但是,男性在技术中的主导地位并不是AI这么多的唯一原因。这也是因为我们想要女性AI - 至少根据道琼斯机构新闻2

Citing a study of over 7000 consumers in the Americas, Asia and Europe, the report revealed we like our bots to be as human-like as possible. Consumers “have strong views on how they want bots to look and behave,” the article noted, as half of those surveyed indicated they preferred a bot to look human rather than have it represented by an avatar.

而且,在那些表示偏爱的人中,近三倍的人说,他们比男性更喜欢女性机器人。此外,排名最高的“机器人个性特征”受访者是“听起来有礼貌”,“关怀”和“聪明”。排名最低的素质是“听起来豪华”和“听起来的权威”。

因此,我们喜欢女性机器人友善和聪明,但无论如何都不会像我们一样出色。

What, if anything, does this reflect about gender roles and stereotypes?

AI和性别刻板印象

对于像艾莉森·派珀(Allison Piper)这样的研究人员而言,人们担心数字个人助理和聊天机器人的女性化使妇女在西方文化中的屈从作用永存。

In her thesis “Stereotyping Femininity in Disembodied Virtual Assistants,”3派珀(Piper)认为:“ AI虚拟助理技术的目的似乎是一种过时的女性气质的含义,这种女性气质以支持性的方式而不是指令为前提。”

She compared “original virtual assistants like ‘Clippy,’ the Microsoft paper clip,” which “did not resemble humans at all, save for its blinking eyes” – and was hugely unpopular – with “newer virtual assistants like Siri, Cortana, and Alexa” which “are given feminine personas, able to speak audibly with users, and interact beyond simply answering questions.”

According to Piper, today’s digital personal assistants function much like women of previous generations were expected to, making life easier for typically male executives, bread-winners and important decision-makers.

同样,派珀指出,我们使用Siri,Cortana和Alexa来“跟踪生日或约会日历中的重要日期;归档系统也有相似之处,因为虚拟助手可以找到特定的文档。有些人甚至可以通过简单的口头命令从亚马逊订购我们的项目。”

她观察到:“手机和其他设备上的虚拟助手本质上是日常人的秘书。”这可能是一件好事。“例如,它们似乎使我们的生活更轻松,减少了时间在互联网上查找自己的东西。”

但是,派珀警告说,这些数字助手也“履行西方的下属女性类型”。

Of course, notions around gender in general are complex, and Piper was careful in her argument to note that it is “not a restrictive binary.”

她指出:“男性气质不一定与'男人'相对应,女性气质不一定与'女人'相对应。”

相反,在吹笛者的研究中,“性别”提到“男性气质和女性气质的范围,是文化的象征迹象”。她在西方文化中写道:“性别是人们可以拥有权力或剥夺权力的一种方式,而男性气质比女性气质更受欢迎”,这是由AI的女性派代销售强调的公约。

我们的关系将如何受到影响?

在他的文章中艺术科学技术杂志4,佩德罗·科斯塔(Pedro Costa)做出了类似的观察,并建议我们与女性化的虚拟助手的互动如何“可能会影响我们的感觉,感知,解释,甚至描述现实,性别和妇女”。

在科斯塔(Costa)分析数字助理如何作为个人同伴的情况下,这种担忧尤其重要。

“The AIs frequently display caregiving attitudes, namely in interactions that don’t relate directly with providing help or assistance,” he wrote. For example, he noted how “Alexa resembles a hybrid between a housewife and an assistant…even saying ‘Well, hello! I’m very glad you’re here,’ when the user arrives home.”

Meanwhile, “Cortana poses as a maternal and somewhat intimate assistant who seeks a friendly relationship with the user, calling the user ‘friend’ and frequently using humor or asking about the user’s day or dinner plans, as well as offering to sing lullabies.”

As feminized digital personal assistants increasingly fulfill an emotional role in our lives, how might human relationships be affected? Might the companionship and intimacy with AI be preferable for some people?

在CNN系列中主要是人类5主持人劳里·塞格尔(Laurie Segall)采访了Realdoll的创始人兼首席执行官Matt McCullen。当Segall将他的实验室描述为“性玩偶工厂”时,麦卡伦迅速纠正了她,并解释说,他的许多客户“拥有不仅仅是性欲。他们实际上是依恋娃娃的……所以我认为爱情更符合这是什么。”

麦卡伦(McCullen)的公司创建了真人大小的定制“洋娃娃”,使客户可以“自定义您想要的所有女孩并订购它。您将获得所选择的所有东西,您会收到身体。”他解释说。

除了身体外,Realdolls还配备了高度响应的人工智能。麦卡伦说:“与之互动的越多,您的玩偶就越好。”

“When you [talk about] AI in your phone, you think Siri or something like that. But Siri doesn't care when your birthday is or what your favorite food is, so on and so on. Our AI is very interested to know who you are,” he told Segall.

当Segall问他是否完全认为他的客户可能会用与洋娃娃的关系取代人类的爱与亲密关系时,麦卡伦说他很荣幸“成为该方程式的一部分”。

“All I'm trying to do is make that person happy, make them feel complete and like they have that missing piece that they didn't have before,” he told her. “People are not as loyal as they used to be to each other. And people deceive each other, and that breaks their heart. And they find themselves in a place where like, ‘I don't wanna do that again?’”

麦卡伦(McCullen)的观点为我们提供了一个独特的机会,可以思考我们从人际关系中的期望和渴望,无论是与我们以各种能力协助我们的人,还是与我们以各种情感能力联系的人。

Beyond the implications of feminized artificial intelligence perpetuating gender stereotypes, how do we, as humans, benefit from interacting with forms of intelligence that exist only to serve and respond to our needs?

Can these exchanges be considered “relationships” if the “relating” is one-sided rather than give-and-take?

如果我们能避免脆弱的话,那么成为人类意味着什么 - 如果我们永远不会让我们的心碎或让某人生气或拒绝我们的要求?

Perhaps we could just ask Siri what she thinks.

Notes:

  1. Arora,P。(2018年,9月15日)。聊天机器人作为女人:工业时代的偏见是否蔓延到新时代的技术?经济时期。可从Proquest One Academic
  2. 新闻稿:消费者想要女性和有趣 - 但不是年轻的 - 聊天机器人。(2017, Sep 12).道琼斯机构新闻。可从Proquest One Academic
  3. Piper,A。(2016)。在无形的虚拟助手中定型女性气质(第10167825号订单)。可从Proquest One Academic
  4. Pedro Carvalho Ferreira, d. C. (2018).与个人数字助理交谈:关于性别和人工智能艺术科学技术杂志, 10(3), 59-72. Available fromProquest One Academic
  5. 我爱你,机器人,大多数人与劳里·塞加尔(Laurie Segall),第1季,第3集。亨特,R。(导演)。(2017年1月1日)。[视频/DVD] CNN Newsource销售。可从Proquest One Academic

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Courtney Suciu是Proquest的主要博客作家。她的爱包括图书馆,识字和研究与艺术和人文科学有关的非凡故事。她拥有英语文学的硕士学位以及教学,新闻和市场营销的背景。跟随她的@quirkysuciu